Pain in cognitively impaired nursing home residents: how well are physicians diagnosing it?

OBJECTIVES

This study examined the reliability and validity of geriatricians' assessments of pain in cognitively impaired nursing home residents.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional analysis.

SETTING

A large suburban nursing home.

PARTICIPANTS

Seventy-nine nursing home residents participated in the study. Of these, 31 had mild/moderate cognitive impairment (average Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) = 16.04) and 48 were severely cognitively impaired (average MMSE = 1.91). More than 80% of the participants were female, and the average age was 87.

MEASUREMENTS: Two geriatricians from outside the nursing home examined laboratory results, performed a physical examination, and completed a detailed assessment of pain. The personal geriatricians of 42 of the participants also completed the same assessment.

RESULTS

Intergeriatrician agreement rates were statistically significant and moderate in magnitude. When examined by subgroup, the correlations were significant only for those with mild/moderate impairment. Some of the geriatricians' ratings of pain correlated significantly with residents' self-reports. All relationships were weaker in the severely cognitively impaired group. Ratings of greater pain were significantly correlated with higher cognitive functioning.

CONCLUSIONS

The results validate geriatricians' evaluations of pain during a medical examination for moderately impaired persons and question their ability to evaluate pain in the severely cognitively impaired. There is a need for increased awareness of pain in this population and a need for improved methodologies to identify it.