Contact Sensitisation Trends in Slovenian Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study.

BACKGROUND

Existing data on contact sensitisation prevalence among children and adolescents is limited, especially regarding comparisons of specific allergens over extended timeframes. The objective of this study was to identify the most common allergens and to evaluate shifts in contact sensitisation trends.

METHODS

We retrospectively evaluated patch test data of 1052 children and adolescents referred to a single tertiary medical centre. The analysis covered three periods: 2000-2004, 2010-2014, and 2020-2024. All patients were tested with the time-recommended baseline series of allergens.

RESULTS

A significant decrease was reported for nickel prevalence, dropping from 12.6% to 4.0%. Although tested only in the latest period, textile dye mix (4.7%) and methylisothiazolinone (3.2%) emerged as important allergens. Children with atopic dermatitis (AD) showed a higher prevalence of contact sensitisation (27.7% vs. 22.7%). In contrast, among adolescents, rates were lower in those with AD (20.0% vs. 30.7%).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings demonstrate a marked decline in nickel sensitisation, while dyes and preservatives are gaining importance. The clinical relevance of specific allergens is evolving in response to regulations and market trends. Continuous surveillance of contact sensitisation is also essential in the pediatric population to ensure that patch testing strategies and preventive measures remain current, targeted and effective.