Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss, associated with α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Flavonoids, a diverse class of plant-derived polyphenols, exhibit potent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties that may reduce these pathological processes. By activating the Nrf2 pathway, reducing oxidative stress, modulating neuroinflammation, and preventing α-synuclein aggregation, flavonoids offer promising therapeutic potential in PD. This review explores their molecular mechanisms of action, summarizes key findings from preclinical and clinical studies, and discusses challenges such as limited bioavailability. Advancing our understanding of flavonoid-based activities may facilitate the development of novel antioxidant therapies for PD prevention and treatment.