Associations between nonnutritive sucking habits, developing malocclusion, and various feeding practices in 3-6-year-old Indian urban children: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND

Nutritive sucking and nonnutritive sucking (NNS) may affect the craniofacial development, differently.

AIM AND

OBJECTIVES

We investigated associations between NNS habits (NNSHs), developing malocclusion, and various feeding practices in 3-6-year-old children.

METHODOLOGY: A sample of 350 children 3-6-year-old from various preschools were selected for this case-control study (94 with NNSH and 256 without NNSH). NNSH (outcome) and feeding practices and developing malocclusions (exposures) were assessed using a structured study tool.

RESULTS

The prevalence of NNSH in 3-6-year-old children was 26.8%. The odds (95% [confidence interval (CI)]) of boys compared to girls having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4121-1.706) (P = 0.0290). The overall prevalence of developing malocclusion in 3-6-year-old children was 34.01% out of which open bite was most commonly reported with 12.57% followed by spacing 8.5%, increased overjet 6.8%, crowding 2.2%, posterior crossbite and rotation 1.4%, and overbite 1.14%. Breastfeeding was found to be the most commonly used mode of feeding reported by 53.42% of mothers. It was found that the odds (95% [CI]) of subjects having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4694-0.9460) (P < 0.0001) who were not breastfed as compared to those who were breastfed. Among developing malocclusions, increased overjet with P = 0.0019, open bite with P = 0.0416, and spacing with P = 0.0243 were found to be associated with feeding practices.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of NNSH and developing malocclusions (increased overjet, open bite, and spacing) was 26.8% and 34.01%, respectively. Breastfeeding played a protective role against developing NNSH.