[Cephalic fibromuscular dysplasia and stroke in infancy: a case report] and review of literature].

Fibromuscular dysplasia (DFM) is an arterial lesion of unknown aetiology which affects medium sized arteries and is multifocal. In the cephalic form extracranial arteries may also be affected; the usual clinical finding is an ischaemic stroke related to arterial stenosis or obstruction, or to arterio-arterial thrombo-embolism. Diagnosis of DFM in infancy is exceptional, and unlike the adult forms, affectation of the intracranial arteries is usual. Angiography of the cranial vessels is the most important diagnostic investigation, showing focal lesions with circular stenosis alternating with dilatations of the arterial wall and described as ¿a pile of coins'; or there may be stenosis and obstruction of extracranial and intracranial arteries. We describe the case of an eleven-year-old girl who presented with a motor deficit of sudden onset in relation to a parietal infarct, and in whom angiography of the supra-aortic and intra-cranial trunks showed evidence compatible with DFM of the extracranial internal carotid artery and carotid syphon. We also review the literature of all cases of infantile DFM published to date.