The Journal of hospital infection · 2026
Two-round point-prevalence study unveils shared blaVIM-2 integrons and spread of a blaIMP-15-encoding plasmid among carbapenem-resistant non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas species in the wet hospital environment.
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van Veen A, Rijfkogel A, Voor In 't Holt A F, Zandijk W H A, Vos M C, Klaassen C H W, Severin J A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Wet environmental niches in hospitals may act as reservoirs for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas species, posing a risk for horizontal transfer and spread of carbapenemase genes.
AIM: To determine the presence of carbapenem-resistant non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas spp. in the wet hospital environment in a non-outbreak setting and to characterize the genetic context and spread of carbapenemase genes.
METHODS: A two-round point-prevalence study was conducted in sink and shower drains of the Erasmus MC (Rotterdam, The Netherlands) in 2022 and 2023. Carbapenem-resistant non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas isolates were screened for carbapenemase activity and genes, followed by sequencing of carbapenemase gene-positive isolates.
FINDINGS: A total of 747 drains were screened, with 98.8% (N = 738) sampled twice. Carbapenem-resistant strains were detected in 27 out of 744 (3.6%) and 48 out of 741 drains (6.5%) during sampling rounds 1 and 2, respectively, with significantly more contaminated shower than sink drains in round 2 (P = 0.017). Eight isolates contained a carbapenemase gene, involving blaIMP (N = 3) and blaVIM (N = 5), all detected during round 2. An identical blaIMP-15-encoding plasmid was found in one Pseudomonas arcuscaelestis and two Pseudomonas monteilii, isolated from shower drains in three wards. Five isolates of a novel Pseudomonas species shared an identical blaVIM-2-containing integron, located on the chromosome.
CONCLUSION: Carbapenem-resistant non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas spp. were present in ∼5% of drains. Evidence of horizontal transfer of a blaIMP-15-encoding plasmid and its spread between wards was found, indicating that these isolates generate a reservoir in drains from which carbapenemase genes can spread through hospital plumbing and reappear in other patient rooms.
AIM: To determine the presence of carbapenem-resistant non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas spp. in the wet hospital environment in a non-outbreak setting and to characterize the genetic context and spread of carbapenemase genes.
METHODS: A two-round point-prevalence study was conducted in sink and shower drains of the Erasmus MC (Rotterdam, The Netherlands) in 2022 and 2023. Carbapenem-resistant non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas isolates were screened for carbapenemase activity and genes, followed by sequencing of carbapenemase gene-positive isolates.
FINDINGS: A total of 747 drains were screened, with 98.8% (N = 738) sampled twice. Carbapenem-resistant strains were detected in 27 out of 744 (3.6%) and 48 out of 741 drains (6.5%) during sampling rounds 1 and 2, respectively, with significantly more contaminated shower than sink drains in round 2 (P = 0.017). Eight isolates contained a carbapenemase gene, involving blaIMP (N = 3) and blaVIM (N = 5), all detected during round 2. An identical blaIMP-15-encoding plasmid was found in one Pseudomonas arcuscaelestis and two Pseudomonas monteilii, isolated from shower drains in three wards. Five isolates of a novel Pseudomonas species shared an identical blaVIM-2-containing integron, located on the chromosome.
CONCLUSION: Carbapenem-resistant non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas spp. were present in ∼5% of drains. Evidence of horizontal transfer of a blaIMP-15-encoding plasmid and its spread between wards was found, indicating that these isolates generate a reservoir in drains from which carbapenemase genes can spread through hospital plumbing and reappear in other patient rooms.