Deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson's disease.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a new and promising technique for the treatment of movement disorders. Medically intractable Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common indications for DBS. There are three possible subcortical targets for PD, depending on the symptomatology (i.e., the motor subdivision of the thalamus, the globus pallidus internus, the subthalamic nucleus [STN]). Thalamic stimulation has been well established as a safe and effective treatment for essential tremor and the tremor associated with PD. Globus pallidus internus and STN DBS are being investigated for the treatment of all the cardinal signs of PD. This article describes the pathophysiology of PD, the surgical treatment history of PD, surgical techniques used for DBS implants, and the role the perioperative nurse has in the care of the patients undergoing these procedures.