Navigating the Central Nervous System (CNS): A Pharmacokinetic Approach to the Treatment of CNS Tumors, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), in Particular.

Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a unique therapeutic challenge due to the complexity of the CNS and the protective role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). All gliomas are of glial origin, account for the majority of CNS tumors, and are classified by the World Health Organization into four grades based on malignancy. High-grade gliomas, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), exhibit aggressive growth, resistance to treatment, and poor prognosis. Despite significant advancements in cancer therapy, effective drug delivery to CNS tumors remains limited due to pharmacokinetic barriers, especially the BBB, and tumor-related resistance mechanisms. This review highlights the biological characteristics of gliomas and emphasizes the current challenges in achieving effective CNS tumor treatment.