Impact of decreased physical activity due to COVID restrictions on cardio-metabolic risk parameters in Indian children and youth with type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Implementation of COVID restrictions following lockdown led to changes in routines of subjects with type 1 diabetes due to closure of schools and outdoor activities. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of decreased physical activity due to COVID restrictions on cardio-metabolic risk parameters (waist circumference, laboratory and body composition parameters) in Indian children and youth with T1D.

METHODS

This observational study included 312 participants (2-21 years) with T1DM having disease duration of ≥6 months. Demographic, anthropometric, body composition data and investigations were recorded at two time points (during COVID restrictions when children came for follow up, pre COVID restriction data from medical and electronic records).

RESULTS

Glycemic control improved during COVID restrictions (Hba1c: 9.8 ± 2.0%) as compared to pre COVID restrictions (Hba1C: 10.0 ± 1.9%) (p < 0.05). However, due to significant reduction in physical activity (p < 0.05) there was significant increase in waist circumference z-scores (-0.9 ± 1.1 vs -1.6 ± 1.1), body fat percentage z-scores (-0.2 ± 1.0 vs -0.3 ± 0.9) and lipid parameters like cholesterol, low density lipid cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (p < 0.05) without any significant change in body mass index z-scores (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Prolonged COVID restrictions, although led to modest improvement in glycemic control, there was worsening of cardio-metabolic risk factors or indices of adiposity like waist circumference, body fat percentage and lipid parameters which could be attributed to decreased time spent in physical activity.