Immunomodulation Strategies in Oral Diseases: From Microbiome Manipulation to Pro-resolution Therapies.

Host-response and inflammatory processes commonly triggered by dental biofilms play a crucial role in the pathogenesis pathways of prevalent oral diseases, such as periodontitis and implant-related infections, which have been widely explored by scientific evidence. The role of the oral microbiome and the interaction between microorganisms and immune components in the onset and development of such inflammatory conditions has been a primary focus for scientists and clinicians and has opened new possibilities for therapeutic targets to modulate disease progression. Such knowledge and new strategies with the aim of promoting microbial transition to a symbiotic state or modulating immune response have paved the way for innovative approaches to control, treat, and prevent oral diseases. This chapter presents the concepts of immunomodulation related to oral diseases, including the initial changes in resolving the inflammatory response (pro-resolution of inflammation) and how inflammatory processes can be modulated by immune modulatory agents in periodontal and peri-implant diseases.