Hormone and metabolite profiles in alcoholic liver disease.

Circulating hormone and metabolite profiles have been studied in ten patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, five patients with alcoholic hepatitis and/or fatty liver, and nine normal controls over a 12-h period of meals and activity. Blood glucose was elevated throughout the day in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic alcoholics (mean 12-h glucose; controls 5.38 +/- 0.16 (SEM) mmol/l; cirrhotics 6.98 +/- 0.30 mmol/l, P less than 0.001; non-cirrhotics 7.18 +/- 0.26 mmol/l, P less than 0.001). Non-cirrhotic alcoholics had an exaggerated insulin response to meals, whereas cirrhotic patients had hyperinsulinaemia throughout the day (mean 12-h insulin; controls 16.3 +/- 2.3 mU/l; cirrhotics 35.8 +/- 6.6 mU/l, P less than 0.02). Growth hormone levels were elevated only in patients with cirrhosis (mean 12-h growth hormone, 7.06 +/- 1.35 v. 0.85 +/- 0.17 micrograms/l, P less than 0.001). Serum cortisol was persistently elevated in cirrhotics but only in the evening in non-cirrhotic alcoholics. Lactate and pyruvate responses to meals were exaggerated in non-cirrhotic patients whereas in cirrhotics, levels were persistently raised. Blood glycerol was elevated in all alcoholic patients whereas ketone body levels were normal. Hypertriglyceridaemia was observed only in non-cirrhotic patients. No relationship between the endocrine and metabolic state was observed in either cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic patients.