Identification and Functional Characterization of the Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus Resistant Gene VrADH Using a MAGIC Population.

Mungbean is an important legume and protein source, but its productivity is severely limited by the mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), and no MYMIV resistance gene has been cloned and functionally validated in mungbean. This study conducted extensive phenotypic variation research on the resistance of a newly developed mungbean multiparent advanced-generation intercross (MAGIC) population. Through an integrated genome-wide association study (GWAS), transcriptome analysis, and induced expression analysis, the candidate gene for MYMIV resistance was identified as VrADH, encoding alcohol dehydrogenase. Haplotype analysis revealed natural variation in VrADH, with VrADHHap1 being the elite haplotype that has undergone selection in regions severely affected by MYMIV. Functional validation demonstrated that VrADH significantly enhanced resistance by limiting excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation and reducing viral proliferation. Collectively, our results indicate that VrADH can contribute to MYMIV resistance, providing a valuable genetic resource for future molecular breeding and resistance improvement in mungbean.