Microplastics: an emerging environmental contaminant in surface water bodies of Indore, Central India.

Lakes serve as critical freshwater resources that sustain biodiversity, support recreational activities, and contribute to regional tourism. Maintaining their water quality is essential to avoid ecological degradation. Considering the ubiquity of various emerging contaminants, lakes in the Indore district of Madhya Pradesh (Central India) were examined for the presence of microplastics. A total of 3 lakes were taken into consideration and water sampling was done followed by analysis and risk assessment. Microplastics were found in all the lakes with concentration varying from 6.7 items/L to12.3 items/L. Most of the obtained microplastic items were fibers, with presence of fragments, sheet, and foam as well. Chemical characterization analysis revealed the highest presence of cellulose and its derivatives (70%), while polyethylene, polyamide, and polyvinyl stearate were also found. Presence of cellulosic fibers was majorly attributed to textile industries; while, plastics originated from packaging materials and household discharge were considered to be the source of other microplastic items. Since, a significant fraction of the obtained microplastic items was biodegradable cellulose and its derivatives, the risk imposed was very low; however, to mitigate long-term impacts, strategic interventions focusing on source reduction and improved plastic waste management are imperative.