Sex differences in dementia risk and risk factors: Individual-participant data analysis using 21 cohorts across six continents from the COSMIC consortium.
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Gong Jessica, Harris Katie, Lipnicki Darren M, Castro-Costa Erico, Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda, Diniz Breno S, Xiao Shifu, Lipton Richard B, Katz Mindy J, Wang Cuiling, Preux Pierre-Marie, Guerchet Maëlenn, Gbessemehlan Antoine, Ritchie Karen, Ancelin Marie-Laure, Skoog Ingmar, Najar Jenna, Sterner Therese Rydberg, Scarmeas Nikolaos, Yannakoulia Mary, Kosmidis Mary H, Guaita Antonio, Rolandi Elena, Davin Annalisa, Gureje Oye, Trompet Stella, Gussekloo Jacobijn, Riedel-Heller Steffi, Pabst Alexander, Röhr Susanne, Shahar Suzana, Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit, Rivan Nurul Fatin Malek, Boxtel Martin van, Köhler Sebastian, Ganguli Mary, Chang Chung-Chou, Jacobsen Erin, Haan Mary, Ding Ding, Zhao Qianhua, Xiao Zhenxu, Narazaki Kenji, Chen Tao, Chen Sanmei, Ng Tze Pin, Gwee Xinyi, Numbers Katya, Mather Karen A, Scazufca Marcia, Lobo Antonio, De-la-Cámara Concepción, Lobo Elena, Sachdev Perminder S, Brodaty Henry, Hackett Maree L, Peters Sanne A E, Woodward Mark, Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)
Аннотация
METHODS: A total of 29,850 participants (58% women) from 21 cohorts across six continents were included in an individual participant data meta-analysis. Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs), and women-to-men ratio of hazard ratios (RHRs) for associations between RFs and all-cause dementia were derived from mixed-effect Cox models.
RESULTS: Incident dementia occurred in 2089 (66% women) participants over 4.6 years (median). Women had higher dementia risk (HR, 1.12 [1.02, 1.23]) than men, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income economies. Associations between longer education and former alcohol use with dementia risk (RHR, 1.01 [1.00, 1.03] per year, and 0.55 [0.38, 0.79], respectively) were stronger for men than women; otherwise, there were no discernible sex differences in other RFs.
DISCUSSION: Dementia risk was higher in women than men, with possible variations by country-level income settings, but most RFs appear to work similarly in women and men.