Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2026
Association of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption with the Presence of Sarcopenia at Follow-up in Community-Dwelling People Aged 40-74 Years.
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Kaneko Takumi, Kabasawa Keiko, Kitamura Kaori, Watanabe Yumi, Komata Tomoyo, Ito Yumi, Takahashi Akemi, Saito Toshiko, Kobayashi Ryosaku, Oshiki Rieko, Takachi Ribeka, Tsugane Shoichiro, Watanabe Kei, Tanaka Junta, Yamamoto Suguru, Nakamura Kazutoshi
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Evidence on the association of smoking and drinking with sarcopenia is scarce. This study aimed to examine the association between smoking levels/alcohol consumption and sarcopenia in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.
METHODS: This study consisted of 6,654 community-dwelling residents aged 40-74 years (mean age: 62.4 years, 54.8% women). At the baseline survey (2011-2014), demographic information, lifestyle habits (including smoking levels and alcohol consumption), physical characteristics, and medical history were obtained. Follow- up physical examinations were conducted in 2021 and 2022. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using modified the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria, with low muscle mass defined as the sex-specific 20th percentile of appendicular lean mass (ALM)/height².
RESULTS: Sarcopenia was present in 272/6,654 cases (4.1%). Smoking levels were associated with higher odds of the presence of sarcopenia at follow-up (adjusted p for trend=0.0367), with the ≥20-cigarettes/ day group having a higher OR than non-smokers (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-3.24). Drinking levels were associated with lower odds of the presence of sarcopenia in women (adjusted p for trend=0.0013), but not in men (adjusted p for trend=0.9872). A subgroup analysis showed that smoking ≥20 cigarettes/day was associated with higher odds of the presence of sarcopenia than non-smoking (adjusted OR=2.14, 95% CI 1.13-4.04) in drinkers, but not in non-drinkers (p for interaction between levels of smoking and alcohol consumption=0.0483).
CONCLUSION: Higher smoking levels were associated with sarcopenia, particularly among individuals who smoked ≥20 cigarettes/day, and an interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption was suggested. However, caution is warranted in interpreting causality, as this study did not assess sarcopenia at baseline.
METHODS: This study consisted of 6,654 community-dwelling residents aged 40-74 years (mean age: 62.4 years, 54.8% women). At the baseline survey (2011-2014), demographic information, lifestyle habits (including smoking levels and alcohol consumption), physical characteristics, and medical history were obtained. Follow- up physical examinations were conducted in 2021 and 2022. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using modified the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria, with low muscle mass defined as the sex-specific 20th percentile of appendicular lean mass (ALM)/height².
RESULTS: Sarcopenia was present in 272/6,654 cases (4.1%). Smoking levels were associated with higher odds of the presence of sarcopenia at follow-up (adjusted p for trend=0.0367), with the ≥20-cigarettes/ day group having a higher OR than non-smokers (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-3.24). Drinking levels were associated with lower odds of the presence of sarcopenia in women (adjusted p for trend=0.0013), but not in men (adjusted p for trend=0.9872). A subgroup analysis showed that smoking ≥20 cigarettes/day was associated with higher odds of the presence of sarcopenia than non-smoking (adjusted OR=2.14, 95% CI 1.13-4.04) in drinkers, but not in non-drinkers (p for interaction between levels of smoking and alcohol consumption=0.0483).
CONCLUSION: Higher smoking levels were associated with sarcopenia, particularly among individuals who smoked ≥20 cigarettes/day, and an interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption was suggested. However, caution is warranted in interpreting causality, as this study did not assess sarcopenia at baseline.