Risk Factors and Nomogram for Predicting the Recurrence of Conventional Ameloblastoma.

OBJECTIVE

To identify risk factors for the recurrence of conventional ameloblastoma (AM) and develop a predictive nomogram model for postoperative recurrence.

METHODS

Clinical, pathological, and radiographic data from 235 patients treated at the Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University (2005-2022) were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression identified independent prognostic factors, and a nomogram model was constructed using R software.

RESULTS

Multilocularity, cortical bone perforation, and inferior alveolar nerve involvement significantly increased recurrence risk in conventional AM (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that multilocular tumors (OR = 3.68, p = 0.002), honeycomb patterns (OR = 10.80, p < 0.001), and cortical bone perforation (OR = 2.62, p = 0.011) were significantly associated with increased recurrence risk. Surgical approaches significantly impacted recurrence rates, with curative resection surgery (CRS) resulting in the lowest recurrence risk as compared with fenestration decompression (FD) and local curettage (LC). CRS and curettage and fenestration decompression (CFD) were identified as effective protective factors against recurrence (p < 0.001). A nomogram model with high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.867) was developed.

CONCLUSION

Multilocularity, cortical bone perforation, and inferior alveolar nerve involvement significantly increased the risk of recurrence. The nomogram model provided effective risk assessment for clinical decision-making.