Advances in Female Chest Modeling: Enhanced 3D Dosimetric Models Across Two Illustrative Scenarios.

Image-based virtual human models are crucial for accurately assessing electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. However, conventional 3D female models often inadequately represent the chest area, particularly the natural shape of the breast, due to limitations in imaging posture. This study presents a novel methodological approach to generate anatomically realistic female models, addressing a critical gap in EMF exposure simulation of female chest. We developed an improved breast model with natural upright geometry and integrated it into an existing whole-body virtual human. This enhanced model was tested in two representative exposure scenarios, radiofrequency plane wave and low-frequency magnetic stimulation, to evaluate the dosimetric impact of realistic upright breast anatomy. Our results reveal significant differences in localized field distributions compared to conventional models, underscoring the importance of anatomical accuracy in EMF simulations. These findings have broader implications for exposure assessment in regulatory, occupational, and clinical contexts, supporting the need for more anatomically faithful modeling in computational dosimetry.