Cortical Abnormalities Associated With Pediatric and Adult Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Findings From the ENIGMA Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group.
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Boedhoe Premika S W, Schmaal Lianne, Abe Yoshinari, Alonso Pino, Ameis Stephanie H, Anticevic Alan, Arnold Paul D, Batistuzzo Marcelo C, Benedetti Francesco, Beucke Jan C, Bollettini Irene, Bose Anushree, Brem Silvia, Calvo Anna, Calvo Rosa, Cheng Yuqi, Cho Kang Ik K, Ciullo Valentina, Dallaspezia Sara, Denys Damiaan, Feusner Jamie D, Fitzgerald Kate D, Fouche Jean-Paul, Fridgeirsson Egill A, Gruner Patricia, Hanna Gregory L, Hibar Derrek P, Hoexter Marcelo Q, Hu Hao, Huyser Chaim, Jahanshad Neda, James Anthony, Kathmann Norbert, Kaufmann Christian, Koch Kathrin, Kwon Jun Soo, Lazaro Luisa, Lochner Christine, Marsh Rachel, Martínez-Zalacaín Ignacio, Mataix-Cols David, Menchón José M, Minuzzi Luciano, Morer Astrid, Nakamae Takashi, Nakao Tomohiro, Narayanaswamy Janardhanan C, Nishida Seiji, Nurmi Erika, O'Neill Joseph, Piacentini John, Piras Fabrizio, Piras Federica, Reddy Y C Janardhan, Reess Tim J, Sakai Yuki, Sato Joao R, Simpson H Blair, Soreni Noam, Soriano-Mas Carles, Spalletta Gianfranco, Stevens Michael C, Szeszko Philip R, Tolin David F, van Wingen Guido A, Venkatasubramanian Ganesan, Walitza Susanne, Wang Zhen, Yun Je-Yeon, ENIGMA-OCD Working Group, Thompson Paul M, Stein Dan J, van den Heuvel Odile A, ENIGMA OCD Working Group
Аннотация
METHOD: T1-weighted MRI scans of 1,905 OCD patients and 1,760 healthy controls from 27 sites worldwide were processed locally using FreeSurfer to assess cortical thickness and surface area. Effect sizes for differences between patients and controls, and associations with clinical characteristics, were calculated using linear regression models controlling for age, sex, site, and intracranial volume.
RESULTS: In adult OCD patients versus controls, we found a significantly lower surface area for the transverse temporal cortex and a thinner inferior parietal cortex. Medicated adult OCD patients also showed thinner cortices throughout the brain. In pediatric OCD patients compared with controls, we found significantly thinner inferior and superior parietal cortices, but none of the regions analyzed showed significant differences in surface area. However, medicated pediatric OCD patients had lower surface area in frontal regions. Cohen's d effect sizes varied from -0.10 to -0.33.
CONCLUSIONS: The parietal cortex was consistently implicated in both adults and children with OCD. More widespread cortical thickness abnormalities were found in medicated adult OCD patients, and more pronounced surface area deficits (mainly in frontal regions) were found in medicated pediatric OCD patients. These cortical measures represent distinct morphological features and may be differentially affected during different stages of development and illness, and possibly moderated by disease profile and medication.