Oral transmucosal ketamine: an effective premedication in children.

The oral cavity offers a simple, painless way of drug administration. For this reason, we used oral transmucosal ketamine (5-6 mg.kg-1) for premedication in 25 children and compared it with intranasal ketamine (5-6 mg.kg-1), placebo and intramuscular ketamine (5-6 mg.kg-1). Oral transmucosal ketamine (OTK) provided effective sedation, facilitated i.v. line insertion and was accepted with pleasure by the patients (as lollipops). The lollipops produced a slight increase in gastric volumes but did not affect gastric pH. In conclusion OTK has been shown to be an effective, harmless preoperative medication in paediatric patients.