Childhood adversities and their associations with mental disorders in the World Mental Health International College Student surveys initiative.
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Husky Mathilde M, Lee Sue, Sampson Nancy A, Borowski Shelby, Albor Yesica, Alhadi Ahmad N, Alonso Jordi, Al-Saud Nouf K, Altwaijri Yasmin A, Andersson Claes, Atwoli Lukoye, Muaka Caroline Ayuya, Báez-Mansur Patricia M, Ballester Laura, Bantjes Jason, Baumeister Harald, Bendtsen Marcus, Benjet Corina, Berman Anne H, Bruffaerts Ronny, Carrasco Paula, Chan Silver C N, Cohut Irina F, Couder María Anabell Covarrubias Díaz, Cristóbal-Narváez Paula, Crockett Marcelo A, Cuijpers Pim, David Oana A, Dong Dong, Ebert David D, Forero Carlos G, Gaete Jorge, Gili Margalida, Gutiérrez-García Raúl, Haro Josep Maria, Hasking Penelope, Hunt Xanthe, Jaguga Florence, Jansen Leontien, Langer Álvaro I, Léniz Irene, Liu Yan, Lochner Christine, Mac-Ginty Scarlett, Martínez Vania, Mason Andre, Mathai Muthoni, McLafferty Margaret, Murray Elaine K, Musyoka Catherine M, Nedelcea Cătălin, Núñez Daniel, O'Neill Siobhan M, Piqueras José A, Popescu Codruta A, Rapsey Charlene, Robinson Kealagh, Rodriguez-Jimenez Tiscar, Saal Wylene, Scarf Damian, Siu Oi-Ling, Stein Dan J, Struijs Sascha Y, Tomoiaga Cristina T, Valdés-García Karla Patricia, Vargas-Contreras Eunice, Vereecke Shelby, Vigo Daniel V, Wang Angel Y, Wong Samuel Y S, Kessler Ronald C, World Mental Health International College Student collaborators
Аннотация
METHODS: Data came from epidemiologic surveys carried out by the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS)Initiative across 18 countries (n=60,719). The web-based surveys screened for lifetime and 12-month prevalence and age-of-onset of common DSM-5 disorders (Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar I/II Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Alcohol and Drug Use disorders, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) and five types of CAs (family dysfunction, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect). Multivariable Poisson regression models estimated associations of CA type, number, and frequency with disorders.
RESULTS: The majority of incoming students reported exposure to at least one CA (64.9%), including 50.0 % family dysfunction, 42.2 % emotional abuse, 21.2 % physical abuse, 18.8 % neglect, and 5.0 % sexual abuse. Lifetime and 12-month disorders were significantly associated with CAs in multivariable models, although associations with disorder persistence were weaker. Population attributable risk proportions of 12-month disorders associated with CAs were in the range of 40.7-61.0 % for anxiety and mood disorders and 13.5-55.2 % for substance use disorders.
CONCLUSION: Six out of ten university students arrive at university having been exposed to CAs. These students have substantially higher risk of mental disorders than other students, primarily due to associations with lifetime risk rather than persistence. Given the considerable distress and impairment caused by mental disorders, these results underscore the need for primary and secondary prevention efforts.