Non-transgenic rodent models of Alzheimer's disease for preclinical research: a review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. It involves the irreversible destruction of higher brain structures, leading to significant cognitive deficits, personality changes, and aberrant behavior. Key pathological features include the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein neurofibrillary tangles, which disrupt cellular communication and neuron function. Chronic inflammation, vascular abnormalities, and genetic factors like the APOE (apolipoprotein E) ε4 allele also play crucial roles in AD progression. Epidemiological data indicate a substantial global impact, especially among older adults, with women disproportionately affected. Animal models, both transgenic and non-transgenic, are pivotal in researching AD pathophysiology and potential treatments. This review presents a full overview regarding a variety of non-transgenic rodent models of Alzheimer's disease utilized in the preclinical research for treatment approaches in Alzheimer's disease.