Alogliptin Delays the Healing of Traumatic Oral Ulcers in the Buccal Mucosa of Wistar Rats.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of alogliptin treatment on the healing process of traumatic oral ulcers.

METHODS

Four experimental groups were used: control group (GC) and three test groups treated with oral Alogliptin at 1 (GTA1), 3 (GTA3), and 9 mg/kg/day (GTA9). Ulcer diameter, body weight, glycemic index, colony-forming unit (CFU), and discomfort were analyzed. Histological slides were prepared for healing scores, inflammatory cell counts, collagen deposition analysis, and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

Alogliptin treatment increased ulcer area (GTA3-7D: 5.2 ± 1.2; GTA9-3D: 11.8 ± 0.8; GTA9-7D: 5.8 ± 1.3; p < 0.001), CFU counts (p = 0.049), and Grimace/discomfort scores (p = 0.02), while reducing body weight gain (p = 0.007) in GTA3 and GTA9 groups. Microscopic analysis revealed higher histopathological scores (p = 0.039), increased mononuclear cells (p = 0.006), reduced polymorphonuclear cells (p < 0.05), and decreased collagen deposition (18.2 ± 2.6; p = 0.031) in GTA9. Lower TLR4 (p = 0.001) and TGF-β (p < 0.001) expression, alongside increased CD31 immunostaining (p < 0.001), were observed in GTA3 and GTA9, as well as reduced TLR2 expression (p = 0.001) in GTA9.

CONCLUSION

Alogliptin delays oral ulcer healing by sustaining inflammation, reducing TGF-β expression, and impairing collagen deposition, and may contribute via reduced TLR2/TLR4 expression, increased microbial burden, and decreased TGF-β.