Preoperative evaluation of biliary disease in children.

Pediatric biliary disease exhibits a wide range of manifestations depending on age, demographics, and clinical presentation, often lacking a standardized diagnostic pathway for many medical and surgical conditions. This article provides a systematic approach to the preoperative evaluation of pediatric patients, starting with clinical assessment and progressing to adjunct laboratory tests and imaging studies. Covering the spectrum from the neonatal period to young adulthood, we review current literature and guidelines to highlight the essential components of an effective preoperative workup for children with suspected biliary disease.