Integration of control of schistosomiasis due to S. mansoni within primary health care in Ngamiland, Botswana.

A schistosomiasis control programme integrated into the existing primary health care infrastructure was initiated in Ngamiland, Botswana in 1985 after it was reported that the prevalence of S. mansoni infection among school children in the main town was over 80%. The programme is oriented by a plan of action developed by a national schistosomiasis task force. The target population of the district of Ngamiland is about 75,000 with a population density of less than 1 person per square km. The objectives of reduction of prevalence by 75% and reduction of infections with greater than 100 eggs per gram of faeces by 90% within three years have been achieved within two years. Integration of diagnosis and treatment into the health clinics and health posts has been slower than anticipated. Health education, water supply and sanitation are considered to be the fundamental basis for maintenance of control.