Anti-asialoglycoprotein receptor autoantibodies, detected by a capture-immunoassay, are associated with autoimmune liver diseases.

In autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), various autoantibodies including anti-asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) antibodies have been found in patients' sera. We have previously developed a mouse monoclonal antibody against rat and human ASGPR. In this study, we developed a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of anti-ASGPR antibodies using this monoclonal antibody and investigated the occurrence of anti-ASGPR antibodies in the sera of patients with various liver diseases. Serum samples were obtained from 123 patients with various liver diseases, including 21 patients with AIH and 40 patients with PBC. In this capture ELISA, the target antigen in the crude rat liver membrane extracts was captured on the ELISA wells by the ASGPR-specific mouse monoclonal antibody. Thus, the cumbersome process of antigen purification was rendered unnecessary. Using this capture ELISA, we detected the anti-ASGPR antibody in 67% of the patients with AIH, in 100% of the patients with PBC, and in 57% of the patients with acute hepatitis type A. However, the anti-ASGPR antibody was rarely detected in patients with other liver diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis and obstructive jaundice. Our findings suggest that this capture ELISA would be useful for the detection of anti-ASGPR antibodies in autoimmune liver diseases.