Dispersal of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) at an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Colombia.

Mark-release-recapture studies were carried out during 1990-1991 in El Callejón, Colombia, an endemic focus of American visceral leishmaniasis, to study the longevity, dispersal, and flight range of the principal vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva. Several groups of wild-caught (n = 1,539) and laboratory-reared F1 (n = 2,208) sand flies were marked with fluorescent dusts and released. Recaptures at daytime resting sites, on animal bait, and in CDC light traps were made for 20 d following each release. From 2 to 9% of L. longipalpis were recaptured, a rate which differed between the sexes (7.7% male, 1.5% female). Overall, 49% of the L. longipalpis were recaptured between 0 and 50 m, 48% within 100 and 300 m, and nearly 3% at > or = 0.5 km from the release site. Sex differences in recapture site, distance flown, and direction were observed. Our results indicate that the dispersal behavior of peridomestic populations of L. longipalpis compares more closely with that of Old World sand fly species from similar habitats than to the sylvan Neotropical phlebotomines.