Oleic acid supplementation increases the PGE2:PGF2α ratio and alters expression of prostaglandin biosynthesis and maternal pregnancy recognition genes in bovine trophoblast cells in vitro.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and F2α (PGF2α) are synthesized by the maternal endometrium and embryo trophoblastic cells. PGE2 supports maternal pregnancy recognition (MPR), and PGF2α promotes luteolysis. Decreasing PGF2α and increasing PGE2synthesis can enhance MPR. Specific fatty acids (FA) influence prostaglandins (PG) biosynthesis. Oleic acid (OA) affects PG synthesis in cell cultures; however, its effect on cultured bovine trophoblast cells (CT-1) is unknown. The hypothesis proposed is that OA reduces PGF2α synthesis and increases PGE2 synthesis, altering the PGE2:PGF2α ratio and expression of PG synthesis and MPR-related genes in CT-1 cells. The study aimed to determine the effects of varying OA concentrations (50-1000 μM) for 48 and 72 h on PGE2 and PGF2α synthesis, transcript expression involved in PG synthesis (PTGS2, PTGES1, PTGES2 and AKR1B1), and MPR-related genes (PTGER4, IFNT, MMP2, and MMP9) in CT-1 cells. CT-1 cultures were treated with OA for 48 and 72 h, and PGE2 and PGF2α concentrations were measured using ELISA. After 72 h of OA treatment, transcript expression in CT-1 cells via qPCR. OA caused a linear increase in PGE2 concentrations at 48 h and in the PGE2:PGF2α ratio at 48 and 72 h. OA caused a linear decrease in PGF2α concentrations 48 and 72 h. OA increased PTGES1 transcript abundance and decreased PTGES2, PTGER4, AKR1B1. and IFNT transcript levels. In conclusion, OA reduces PGF2α synthesis, increases the PGE2:PGF2α ratio, and alters expression of transcripts involved in PG synthesis and IFNT.