Visible light-mediated degradation of benzo(a)pyrene in smoked sausages by liposome-encapsulated hydrogenated TiO₂: insights into mechanisms and pathways.

This study aims to explore the control and degradation of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) in smoked sausages through photocatalysis. Experimental results indicate that TH@CS-LDO-Lip (Hydrogenated TiO2-coated Carbon Sphere-Layered Double Oxide-Liposome) significantly improves the light energy utilization efficiency and enhances the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. The film fabricated based on TH@CS-LDO-Lip effectively reduced B(a)P levels in smoked sausage by 67.1 %-68.7 % (P < 0.05). After 10 min of visible light irradiation, the degradation rate of B(a)P adsorbed onto the film increased to 70.4 %-81.5 % (P < 0.05). Cytotoxicity analysis revealed that treatment with B(a)P significantly reduced cell viability to 45.2 % and proliferation rate to 52.1 %. In contrast, cells treated with the B(a)P degradation solution (D-B(a)P) exhibited a viability of 96.8 % and a proliferation rate of 90.64 %. The barrier structure formed by liposomes and nanotubes effectively minimized direct contact between the catalyst and sausage, thereby providing a safe strategy for the control of B(a)P.