Health & place · 2026
Home and school urban food environments in relation to childhood overweight and obesity in Madrid.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Carmona-Rosado Luis, Díez Julia, Valiente Roberto, Gullón Pedro, Gasque Alba, Díaz-Olalla José Manuel, Franco Manuel
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the availability of unhealthy food outlets in children's home and school environments and overweight/obesity in Madrid, while exploring effect modification by sex and family affluence.
METHODS: We used individual-level data from a survey of 5,961 children aged 3 to 12 years. We created 400-m and 800-m street-network buffers around home and school addresses and counted the number of unhealthy food outlets within home, school, and combined home-school food environments. We estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using robust Poisson regression models adjusted for family affluence and population density. We also fitted stratified models by sex and family affluence.
RESULTS: Children with greater availability of unhealthy food outlets had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity, with stronger associations observed for the combined home-school food environment than for home-only or school-only environments. In stratified analyses, we observed positive associations with overweight among boys and with obesity among girls. Also, associations varied by family affluence, being stronger both overweight and obesity among children from more affluent families.
CONCLUSIONS: Unhealthy food availability in children's everyday environments may contribute to overweight and obesity, with differential patterns by sex and family affluence. Considering home and school environments jointly may capture more relevant spatial exposures than examining each setting separately.
METHODS: We used individual-level data from a survey of 5,961 children aged 3 to 12 years. We created 400-m and 800-m street-network buffers around home and school addresses and counted the number of unhealthy food outlets within home, school, and combined home-school food environments. We estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using robust Poisson regression models adjusted for family affluence and population density. We also fitted stratified models by sex and family affluence.
RESULTS: Children with greater availability of unhealthy food outlets had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity, with stronger associations observed for the combined home-school food environment than for home-only or school-only environments. In stratified analyses, we observed positive associations with overweight among boys and with obesity among girls. Also, associations varied by family affluence, being stronger both overweight and obesity among children from more affluent families.
CONCLUSIONS: Unhealthy food availability in children's everyday environments may contribute to overweight and obesity, with differential patterns by sex and family affluence. Considering home and school environments jointly may capture more relevant spatial exposures than examining each setting separately.