Endoscopic considerations in children.

Endoscopy often is required in the management of patients with chronic liver disease. Endoscopy in this pediatric population is a safe and effective diagnostic and therapeutic modality for the appropriate clinical situation. The clear advantage afforded by reduced-sized equipment, new anesthetic agents, better operator training, and specialized pediatric endoscopy units have resulted in better outcomes and reduced risk to the patient. Advances in technical innovations will expand the currently offered diagnostic and therapeutic options for management of pediatric with portal hypertension. This article reviews specific considerations for endoscopy in this demanding patient population.