A Hybrid Model to Study Amyloid Cross-Toxicity.

The self-seeding mechanism characteristic of the prion-protein has also been attributed to other neurodegenerative-disease-associated proteins including amyloid beta (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein. An interesting facet of these prion-like proteins is their ability to horizontally "spread" and recruit their soluble counterparts in adjacent neurons. However, recent findings suggest a heterotoxic potential in these "seeds" whereby one neurodegeneration-associated protein can interact with another sequentially unrelated prion-like protein and influence its aggregation and drive cross-toxic outcomes and neurodegenerative co-morbidity. Yet, direct experimental evidence for amyloid cross-talk at the vertebrate level remains indirect, lacks resolution, or introduces confounding variables. Here, we discuss the need for a novel approach to resolve amyloid cross-toxicity at the neurohistochemical and organismal levels.