Hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: a case report and review of the Japanese literature.

We present a 66 year-old woman in the cirrhotic stage of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). All serological tests for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were negative. We surveyed 16 reported cases (13 females and 3 males) of PBC associated with HCC in Japan. The presence of HCV RNA was determined by the polymerase chain reaction in all of the patients, 3 of whom (19%) were HCV RNA-positive. Although patients with PBC rarely develop HCC, it is suggested that HCV infection may play a minor role in the development of HCC in Japanese patients with PBC.