Left ventricular hypertrophy: diagnostics pitfalls.

Isolated left ventricular hypertrophy, in the absence of hypertension or aortic stenosis, is commonly attributed to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). According to the clinical setting, however, other differential diagnoses should be considered. The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis may be very challenging especially when the clinician is confronted with various aspects typical of both pathologies. The work-up of this case shows how non-invasive cardiac investigations are sometimes not sufficiently conclusive for distinguishing between the two pathologies, and that only endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) can confirm cardiac involvement secondary to systemic amyloidosis. The prognostic and therapeutic differences between the two diseases, as well as the contextual aspects of the case in point--namely a case of multiorgan failure--serve as an example of how a definitive diagnosis can be attained by means of a multidisciplinary approach in order to reach a definitive treatment plan.