Journal of endodontics · 2026
Six-month Evaluation of Tooth Discoloration Induced by Bioceramic Sealers using Spectrophotometer and Digital Image Analysis: An In Vitro Study.
СтатьяСравнительное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Karadayi Ayse, Uzun Hatice Beyza, Kutlu Basmaci Gülsüm, Tüter Bayraktar Ezgi, Sazak Ovecoglu Hesna
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the discoloration potential of 3 calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers using spectrophotometer and cross-polarized digital image analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight extracted maxillary anterior teeth were randomly allocated to 3 sealer groups (VDW.1Seal, Bio-C Sealer, and CeraSeal) and a control group (n = 7). Color measurements were performed before treatment, immediately after treatment, and at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months post-treatment using spectrophotometer and standardized digital image analysis with cross-polarization. Measurements were obtained from the cervical, middle, and incisal regions. Color differences were calculated using the CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) formula. Repeated-measures data were analyzed using Aligned Rank Transform analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc tests (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: Both measurement methods demonstrated a significant increase in ΔE values over time in all groups (P < .05). The control group consistently showed significantly lower ΔE values than all material-treated groups at all time points. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed no significant differences among the experimental sealers. In contrast, digital image analysis detected significant inter-material differences at selected time points, with the Bio-C Sealer group exhibiting the highest overall discoloration. Measurements also revealed greater discoloration in the cervical region compared with the middle and incisal regions.
CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, all evaluated calcium silicate-based sealers were associated with tooth discoloration. Color changes became more evident after the third month and remained within clinically perceptible limits at 6 months. While both spectrophotometric analysis and cross-polarized digital imaging demonstrated similar trends, digital imaging showed greater sensitivity in detecting color changes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight extracted maxillary anterior teeth were randomly allocated to 3 sealer groups (VDW.1Seal, Bio-C Sealer, and CeraSeal) and a control group (n = 7). Color measurements were performed before treatment, immediately after treatment, and at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months post-treatment using spectrophotometer and standardized digital image analysis with cross-polarization. Measurements were obtained from the cervical, middle, and incisal regions. Color differences were calculated using the CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) formula. Repeated-measures data were analyzed using Aligned Rank Transform analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc tests (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: Both measurement methods demonstrated a significant increase in ΔE values over time in all groups (P < .05). The control group consistently showed significantly lower ΔE values than all material-treated groups at all time points. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed no significant differences among the experimental sealers. In contrast, digital image analysis detected significant inter-material differences at selected time points, with the Bio-C Sealer group exhibiting the highest overall discoloration. Measurements also revealed greater discoloration in the cervical region compared with the middle and incisal regions.
CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, all evaluated calcium silicate-based sealers were associated with tooth discoloration. Color changes became more evident after the third month and remained within clinically perceptible limits at 6 months. While both spectrophotometric analysis and cross-polarized digital imaging demonstrated similar trends, digital imaging showed greater sensitivity in detecting color changes.