Obstructive sleep apnoea. Part I: Diagnosis, aetiology, and current treatment.

Obstructive sleep apnoea is a multi-factorial condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence is highest in middle-aged males with a predisposition to obesity. Certain facial types have been identified as being at risk. Cephalometric parameters have now been established to identify those patients who are anatomically compromised. Treatment modalities are dependent on the correct diagnosis of the site(s) of obstruction. Overnight polysomographic testing is the only definitive measure to quantify the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea. Treatment options include behavioural, medical, surgical, and the use of oral appliances.