SOLID: minimizing tissue distortion for brain-wide profiling of diverse architectures.

Brain-wide profiling of diverse biological components is fundamental for understanding complex brain pathology. Despite the availability in whole-brain imaging, it is still challenging to conduct multiplexed, brain-wide analysis with current tissue clearing techniques. Here, we propose SOLID, a hydrophobic tissue clearing method that can minimize tissue distortion while offering impressive clearing performance. SOLID achieves high-quality imaging of multi-color labeled mouse brain, and the acquired datasets can be effectively registered to the Allen Brain Atlas via commonly-used algorithms. SOLID enables generation of neural and vascular maps within one mouse brain, as well as tracing of specific neural projections labeled with viruses. SOLID also allows cross-channel investigations of β-amyloid plaques and neurovascular lesions in the reconstructed all-in-one panorama, providing quantitative insights into structural interactions at different stages of Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, SOLID provides a robust pipeline for whole-brain mapping, which may widen the utility of tissue clearing techniques in diverse neuroscience research.