Mucogingival surgical procedures: a review of the literature.

This article provides an in-depth review of the literature on mucogingival surgical techniques. Indications and contraindications of various surgical procedures are discussed with reference to the literature. Surgical techniques and indications for increasing the zone of keratinized tissue, such as free autogenous grafts, applications of freeze-dried skin, and dermal matrix allografts, are described. Procedures to attain root coverage, such as various autogenous grafts and guided tissue regeneration techniques, along with application of chemicals such as citric acid to improve their success, are also described.