Analysis of microbiota in black stain of children and its impact on caries risk. A systematic review.

Black stain (BS) is a peculiar discoloration often observed on the teeth of paediatric patients, particularly prevalent in certain populations. This systematic review aims to analyze the composition of the microbiota associated with BS and its potential implications for caries risk. A acomprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) to identify relevant studies published up to January 2024. Eligible studies were those investigating the microbiological profile of BS patients compared to non-black stain individuals, with a focus on cariogenic species and overall microbial diversity. Data extraction and synthesis were performed following PRISMA guidelines. The screening phase ended with selecting 14 publications for this work. The review explores the association between the microbiota of BS patients and caries prevalence or severity. Synthesising current evidence sheds light on the potential role of the microbiota in BS formation and its influence on caries susceptibility. Understanding these microbial dynamics may inform preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions tailored to mitigate caries risk in populations affected by BS. This review underscores the significance of further research to elucidate the complex relationship between BS, oral microbiota, and dental caries.