A comprehensive review of emerging 3D-printing materials against bacterial biofilm growth on the surface of healthcare settings.

A significant burden on the healthcare system, microbial contamination of biomedical surfaces can result in hospital-acquired illnesses. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi may live on surfaces for days or months and spread to patients and medical personnel. This article describes the 3D printing technologies, such as fused deposition modeling, bioprinting, binder jetting/inkjet, poly-jet, electron beam manufacturing, stereolithography, selective laser sintering, and laminated object manufacturing used for manufacturing the healthcare setting's surface to reduce bacterial contamination with exploring anti-biofilm activity against different bacterial species responsible for infections, based on the critical evaluation of published reports. This strategy has immense potential to become an upcoming approach for advancing the coating concept on the material's surface in healthcare settings. Our literature evaluation identifies beneficial 3D printing materials and associated technologies against microorganisms' growth, mainly bacteria involved in implant-based infection, emphasizing the development of anti-biofilm 3D-printed surfaces. Additionally, the authors have identified a few key areas where research and development are critically required to advance 3D-printing technology in healthcare settings.