Changes in masticatory performance and quality of life in individuals with chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND

This study evaluates the effect of periodontitis on masticatory performance and quality of life index.

METHODS

Patients (n = 24; 23 to 76 years of age) with periodontal conditions ranging from healthy to generalized disease categorized by the alveolar bone height-to-tooth length (AB/T) ratio were separated into the following two groups: control (AB/T >50%) and test (AB/T <50%). The masticatory performance was evaluated through continuous mastication of a special device called a biocapsule. The Brazilian Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14Br) questionnaire was used to assess the oral health-related quality of life. The Student t test was applied for independent samples (P <0.05) to evaluate the masticatory performance, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine quality of life (P <0.05).

RESULTS

There was a statistically significant difference in masticatory efficiency between groups (P = 0.006). Statistically significant differences were also observed in the following parameters: 1) physical pain (P = 0.003); 2) psychologic discomfort (P = 0.008); 3) physical disability (P = 0.033); and 4) OHIP-14Br total score (P = 0.001). The control group achieved the best indicators. Both the masticatory performance and quality of life indicators showed significant correlation with the alveolar bone height.

CONCLUSION

The loss of periodontal supporting structures has negative effects on the masticatory performance and quality of life.