Factors affecting the lifespan of the human dentition in Britain prior to the seventeenth century.

OBJECTIVE

To confirm that compensatory eruption (supereruption) of teeth past a stable periodontium occurs in response to severe occlusal attrition.

DESIGN

Regression analysis study from radiographs and direct measurements.

SETTING

Archaeological material at the University of Aberdeen.

SUBJECTS: 47 individuals > 21 years old and dating from Late Mediaeval times (1300-1600 AD).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occlusal attrition was recorded on the first permanent mandibular molars. Measurements on radiographs of the teeth from the fixed point of the inferior dental canal were taken to the occlusal surface, the alveolar crest and the tooth apex. Regression analysis was undertaken between these variables and related to attrition (age).

RESULTS

Continuous eruption of the permanent human dentition past a stable periodontium does occur in response to tooth height lost by wear, despite the fact that supereruption may lead to the eventual self destruction of the dentition. This mechanism was primarily responsible for the early loss (at 40-45 years of age) of dentitions in Mediaeval times.

CONCLUSIONS

Stability of occlusal height appears to be an important function of the dentition and if triggered by severe wear will lead to increasing root exposure and eventual exfoliation of the teeth. It is important not to confuse bone loss due to periodontitis with root exposure due to supereruption of the teeth.