Exploring gut microbiome alterations and hormonal imbalances in polycystic ovary syndrome: insights from a comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by hormonal imbalances and metabolic dysregulation. Emerging evidence suggests a significant role of gut microbiota in its pathophysiology. This study explores the composition of the gut microbiota in PCOS patients versus Non-PCOS and its correlation with hormonal levels to understand its potential impact on PCOS. RESULTS: In our analysis of 23 women with PCOS and 24 Non-PCOS, demographic parameters like age and BMI showed no significant differences, ensuring a fair comparison base. PCOS patients displayed distinct hormonal imbalances, such as elevated testosterone and altered estradiol levels, alongside significant differences in gut microbiota composition. Notably, a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased abundance of genera like Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus were observed in PCOS subjects. Correlation analyses indicated significant associations between gut microbiota diversity, particularly Roseburia intestinalis, and hormonal levels (DHEAS), highlighting the potential contribution of gut dysbiosis to endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions in PCOS. CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the complex interplay between gut microbiota dysbiosis and hormonal imbalances in PCOS, suggesting that gut microbiota alterations may exacerbate metabolic conditions and endocrine disturbances. These insights underscore the potential of targeting gut microbiota in therapeutic interventions for PCOS, advocating for a holistic approach to its management and a deeper understanding of its multifaceted nature.