Gd-induced electronic modulation in NiAl-LDH/f-MWCNT heterostructures enables ultrasensitive wireless detection of adenosine, a breast cancer-associated metabolite, in clinical samples.

In pursuit of non-invasive strategies for early cancer diagnosis and improved global health outcomes, we report a sensitive electrochemical sensor based on Gd-doped NiAl-LDH integrated with f-MWCNT for detecting adenosine, a biomarker associated with breast cancer progression. The exponential doping of Gd in NiAl-LDH leads to distortion, as evidenced by a shift towards lower 2θ in XRD, progressively increased lattice spacing in HR-TEM, and a shift towards lower binding energy in XPS. The 1%Gd-NiAl LDH/f-MWCNT composite on SPCE comprises multiple electroactive sites that facilitate electron transfer, yielding robust oxidation performance and responsiveness. A low detection limit of 13 nM with a linear range of (0.05- 67.7 μM) and great stability was achieved with the 1%Gd-NiAl LDH/f-MWCNT sensor in DPV. The proposed sensing platform demonstrated promising analytical performance on pretreated biological samples with a miniaturized, portable Zensor potentiostat, highlighting its potential as a laboratory-scale proof of concept for future point-of-care diagnostic applications. This platform may pave the way for developing point-of-care diagnostics in the early stages and localized therapy.