Insight into the generation of α-dicarbonyl induced advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and modulating shrimp tropomyosin allergenicity.

As the predominant allergen in shrimp, tropomyosin (TM) undergoes α-dicarbonyl mediated glycation during processing, leading to the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-TM conjugates. This work systematically investigated the generation of AGEs and immunomodulatory effects of AGEs on TM allergenicity. As the results, there exits a positive correlation between AGEs generation and three key parameters: α-dicarbonyl compounds (glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), 2,3-butanedione (BU)) concentration, reaction duration, and processing temperature. In BALB/c mouse, all AGEs-modified TM groups exhibited weakened-allergic responses compared to TM. Specifically, serum IgE levels were significantly reduced by 41.0 % (GO-TM), 58.3 % (MGO-TM) and 60.0 % (BU-TM), while histamine release decreased by 42.1 % (GO-TM), 29.2 % (MGO-TM) and 29.7 % (BU-TM), indicating diminished allergenicity. However, the elevated serum IgG1 levels, spleen indices, and spleen histological examination revealed persistent inflammatory responses via AGEs. This work provides novel insights into AGEs formation through α-dicarbonyl glycation and its subsequent immunoregulatory impacts on TM allergenicity.