A Perspective on Human Leishmaniasis and Novel Therapeutic Methods for Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment.

INTRODUCTION

Leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania parasites and transmitted by sandflies, is a major health issue in endemic regions. It presents as cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis, with significant socioeconomic impacts. Effective diagnosis, treatment and prevention remain limited.

METHODS

A literature review of 152 studies (1990-2023) was conducted across multiple academic databases to explore diagnostic methods, therapeutic strategies and prevention efforts for leishmaniasis.

RESULTS

Innovative diagnostic techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated isothermal amplification, offer improved sensitivity. New treatments, including miltefosine and liposomal amphotericin B, and combination therapies address drug resistance. Vector control and public health interventions are key for prevention, though challenges such as high costs and resistance persist.

DISCUSSION: Advances in treatment and prevention show promise, but issues like drug resistance and the need for affordable therapies remain. Ongoing research into new therapeutic targets and accessible solutions is vital to combating leishmaniasis.