Immunomodulatory effects of hexanoic extract of Narcissus tazetta flowers after subacute exposure to BALB/c mice through a phased approach immunotoxicity assessment.

Narcissus tazetta, a perennial herbaceous and medicinal plant, exhibits various pharmacological properties. The current study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of hexanoic extract of N. tazetta flowers (HENTF) in BALB/c mice immune system. Over a 14-day period, HENTF was administered orally at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. Evaluations of the immune system included histopathological examination of spleen and bone marrow, spleen cellularity, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, lymphocyte proliferation assay, hemagglutination titer (HA), and cytokines production. These findings suggest that HENTF exhibits immunostimulatory properties. The results demonstrated that higher dose of 50 mg/kg might enhance the immune responses on both cellular and humoral levels, with significant effects in the proliferation of lymphocytes. Mechanistic studies are necessary to precisely explore how HENTF exerts its immunostimulatory properties. Future investigations are recommended to evaluate the efficacy of HENTF as a co-adjuvant or immunostimulant in therapeutic applications for immune dysfunction.