Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) implications in cardiovascular disease for its mechanistic insights, food chemistry aspects and clinical significance - A review.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major non-communicable disease that can be influenced by the accumulation of Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), a glycosphingolipid associated with circulating lipoproteins. Gb3 deposition, particularly in lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) such as Fabry disease, has been associated with inflammation, lysosomal impairment, endothelial dysregulation, and autophagy-related defects which are recognized as contributors to CVD pathogenesis. The review is focused on the structural elucidation of Gb3 and its potential utilization as a biomarker for the early detection of cardiovascular dysfunction. The biochemical metabolism of Gb3, its food chemistry aspects and clinical significance are comprehensively discussed. The potential application of Gb3 in monitoring cardiac improvement in Fabry disease following effective therapeutic interventions is also evaluated. Overall, this review aims to elucidate the link between Gb3 accumulation and CVD, thereby identifying novel targets for early diagnosis and prevention of CVD-related mortality.