Complications of temporomandibular joint arthroscopy: a retrospective analysis of 301 lysis and lavage procedures performed using the triangulation technique.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the complications of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopic lysis and lavage performed using the triangulation technique.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The 202 consecutive patients (301 joints) who underwent arthroscopic lysis and lavage between 1992 and 1995 were retrospectively surveyed. The preoperative diagnosis of all patients was anterior disc displacement without reduction.

RESULTS: Complications were observed in 31 (10.3%) of 301 cases of arthroscopic lysis and lavage. Of these, otologic complications were found in 26 cases (8.6%): blood clots in the external auditory canal in 9; laceration of external auditory canal in 7; partial hearing loss in 5; ear fullness in 2; vertigo in 1; and perforation of tympanic membrane with laceration of external auditory canal in 1. Neurologic injuries were found in 5 cases (1.7%): fifth cranial nerve injuries in 3; and seventh cranial nerve injuries in 2. No other complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONS: A high level of understanding of the regional anatomy helps reduce the complications associated with arthroscopic lysis and lavage in the TMJ.