Neuroleukemiosis as a manifestation of relapse of acute myeloid leukemia in a child: imaging characteristics.

Neuroleukemiosis, leukemic infiltration of the peripheral nerves, is exceedingly rare. We report a child with neuroleukemiosis affecting multiple peripheral nerves, presenting 2 months after stem cell transplant for acute myeloid leukemia. We discuss this unusual entity and highlight the ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings that facilitated biopsy confirmation. Recognition of this entity is critical as it may be the sole sign of primary disease or relapse.