A class of novel carboline intercalators: Their synthesis, in vitro anti-proliferation, in vivo anti-tumor action, and 3D QSAR analysis.

Based on DOCK scores 18 N-(3-benzyloxycarbonylcarboline-1-yl)ethylamino acid benzylesters (6a-r) were synthesized as anti-tumor agents. Their IC(50) values against five human carcinoma cell lines ranged from 11.1muM to more than 100muM. The in vivo assay identified five derivatives of them had no anti-tumor action, the anti-tumor activity of nine derivatives of them equaled that of cytarabine, and the anti-tumor activity of three derivatives of them was higher than that of cytarabine. The UV and fluorescence spectra, as well as the relative viscosity and melting temperature measurements of calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) with and without the representative compound suggested that DNA intercalation could be their action mechanism. The 3D QSAR analysis of N-(3-benzyloxycarbonylcarboline-1-yl)ethylamino acid benzylesters (6a-r) revealed that their in vivo anti-tumor activity significantly depends on the molecular electrostatic and steric fields of the side chain of the amino acid residue.